Studie
Effects of creatine supplementation on memory i friska individuals: a systematisk översikt och metaanalys of randomiserad kontrollerad trials
In 8 pooled RCTs with 225 friska deltagare, creatine improved memory performance with SMD = 0.29 (95% CI 0.04 till 0.53, p = 0.02), och the effect was far larger i adults aged 66 till 76 (SMD = 0.88).
Konstantinos Prokopidis och colleagues screened 7,277 unique publications och included 10 RCTs i the systematisk översikt, 8 of which entered the metaanalys. Those 8 trials covered 225 friska deltagare: 122 on creatine, 118 on placebo, 74 male och 151 female. Doser ran från about 2.2 g/day till 20 g/day. Durations ran från 5 days till 24 weeks. Five trials used 20 g/day for 7 days.
Pooled memory performance favoured creatine: SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.04 till 0.53, I-squared = 66%, p = 0.02. The age split was the headline. Adults aged 66 till 76 gained SMD = 0.88 (95% CI 0.22 till 1.55, p = 0.009). Young adults aged 11 till 31 gained nothing (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI -0.14 till 0.20, p = 0.72).
Dos did not change the result. Low doser of 5 g/day or less gave SMD = 0.24 (p = 0.09) och doser above 5 g/day gave SMD = 0.33 (p = 0.11); neither reached significance alone. Duration, sex och geography also did not shift the estimate. Pulver-form creatine worked (SMD = 0.35, p = 0.02); encapsulated creatine did not (SMD = 0.04, p = 0.80).
This systematisk översikt och metaanalys revealed that creatine monohydrate supplementation has a beneficial effect on memory performance i friska individuals.
Only 225 deltagare across 8 trials. Igor Eckert och E Pascher published a Letter till the Redaktör i the same journal (PMID 36644917) arguing that double-counting från inadequate statistics produced false-positive findings, because multiple memory outcomes från the same deltagare were pooled as if independent; the authors replied (PMID 36644912). Heterogeneity was 66% overall och 83% i the older-adult subgroup, och subgroup or sensitivity analyses did not reduce it. Memory tools were mixed freely (digit span, Corsi block, RAVLT, BBCS och others). No trial measured baseline serum or brain creatine, so responders cannot be separated från non-responders. Six RCTs were rated high risk of bias for unclear randomisation; eight had no prespecified protocol. Publication bias could not be assessed. The older-adult signal rests on very few trials. No external funding.
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