The effect of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a dubbelblind randomiserad kontrollerad studie.

Denna 12 månader långa randomiserade dubbelblinda placebokontrollerade studie utvärderade magnesiumoxid hos vuxna med typ 2-diabetes, HbA1c på minst 7,0 % och kreatininclearance över 30 mL/min. De 247 deltagarna i intention-to-treat-analysen fick magnesiumoxid 500 mg, vilket gav 302 mg elementärt magnesium (n=118), eller placebo (n=129). Median age was 58 years and median diabetes duration was 16 years. Only 7.3% had low ionised magnesium and 8.1% had low total magnesium at baseline. Magnesium oxide improved magnesium status and lowered fasting blood glucose in a subgroup (p=0.039). The HbA1c change was -0.30% with magnesium oxide versus -0.05% with placebo, which was not statistically significant (p=0.145). A higher proportion achieved controlled HbA1c (p=0.043). Signals were larger in people with baseline hypomagnesemia or diabetes duration of 15 years or less, but those comparisons did not reach conventional statistical significance. No differences were reported in other metabolic parameters, clinical outcomes or adverse drug reactions. The primär glycaemic result was therefore a favourable trend, not definitive evidence of improved long-term diabetes control.

Magnesium oxide improved magnesium status and showed favourable but non-significant trends in glycaemic control without compromising safety.