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Intervention

Ozone Therapy

Ozone Therapy (Oxygen-Ozone Therapy)

Medical and alternative therapy using ozone gas (O3) for proposed anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and oxygenation benefits. Evidence base is mixed and safety concerns exist.

Editor approved Evidence: Tier 4
Research snapshot Not FDA-approved. Available at alternative medicine clinics. Regulatory status varies by country.
Updated 2026-08-11
Ozone therapy uses a toxic gas for proposed medical benefits. Evidence is mixed and limited to specific conditions. No longevity or anti-aging trials exist. Safety concerns are documented. The FDA states ozone has no known useful medical application. Controversial in mainstream medicine.
Evidence tierTier 4, Animal or preclinical only
Typical doseVaries by method: autohaemotherapy (50-200 ml blood mixed with ozone gas, 1-2x weekly), rectal insufflation, local injection. Protocols vary widely between practitioners with no standardized dosing.
SafetyOzone is a toxic gas. Inhalation causes lung damage. Autohaemotherapy carries risk of infection if equipment is not sterile. Scoping review on fibromyalgia safety published 2026. Contraindicated in G6PD deficiency, pregnancy, severe hyperthyroidism. The FDA states ozone has no known useful medical application.
Categoryoxidative therapy
Last verified2026-08-11

What it is

Ozone therapy involves administering ozone gas (O3) into the body via various routes: autohaemotherapy (blood is withdrawn, mixed with ozone, and reinfused), rectal insufflation, local injection, or topical application. Ozone is an unstable, reactive gas that rapidly decomposes, creating a controlled oxidative stress.

How it works

The proposed mechanism is controlled oxidative stress. When ozone contacts blood or tissues, it decomposes into oxygen and reactive oxygen species. This is proposed to stimulate endogenous antioxidant defenses (via the Nrf2 pathway), improve oxygen delivery to tissues, and have antimicrobial effects. Whether the controlled oxidative stress produces net benefit or harm in specific clinical contexts is debated.

Evidence

A 2026 umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of RCTs (Cacciatore et al., Med Sci, June 2026) assessed the overall evidence base. Some evidence exists for specific conditions: herniated discs (RCT in Eur Spine J, April 2026), skin ulcers (review in Med Gas Res, 2026), and fibromyalgia (safety scoping review in Clin Exp Rheumatol, June 2026). No trials exist for longevity, anti-aging, or lifespan outcomes.

Safety concerns

Ozone is a toxic gas. The FDA has stated that ozone has no known useful medical application as a drug, and that inhaling ozone can cause lung damage, chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation. Autohaemotherapy carries risk of infection if equipment is not properly sterilized. Ozone therapy is contraindicated in G6PD deficiency (risk of hemolysis), pregnancy, severe hyperthyroidism, and bleeding disorders. The safety profile is incompletely characterized, and adverse event reporting is inconsistent.

What to know

Ozone therapy sits firmly in the alternative medicine space. It is available at clinics in some countries (Germany, Italy, Russia) and at alternative medicine clinics in the US. The evidence base, while growing with the 2026 umbrella review, does not support longevity claims. The treatment carries real safety risks. Anyone considering ozone therapy should be aware that it is not FDA-approved, the FDA has explicitly stated ozone has no known useful medical application, and safety monitoring varies widely between practitioners.

Further reading

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