Peptider

A small-molecule NNMT inhibitor (not actually a peptide) popular in biohacking for muscle preservation. Zero human trials as of 2026.

A synthetic fragment of human growth hormone marketed for fat loss. Phase 2b failed and the program was abandoned. Popularity surged after FDA Kategori 2 removal in april 2026.

A 15-amino-acid fragment derived from a protein found in gastric juice. Heavy animal-model evidence for tendon and gut repair, zero completed human RCTs.

A GHRH analog engineered for a long half-life. Widely used in anti-aging clinics as a growth-hormone secretagogue. Died as a pharmaceutical program after a 2008 phase 2 death. Now a research chemical.

Novo Nordisk's dual amylin/GLP-1 co-formulation. Phase 3 showed 23% weight loss but failed to beat tirzepatide head-to-head. FDA submission pending.

The heart-targeted member of the Khavinson short peptide family. Cell culture and animal reports describe protective effects on myocardium; there is no human clinical trial evidence.

A short synthetic tripeptide from the Khavinson bioregulator line, positioned for cartilage, joints and connective tissue. Everything published sits in cell culture and animal work; no human randomised trial exists.

A brain-derived peptide complex from the Khavinson group in Saint Petersburg. Marketed as a broad CNS bioregulator. Human evidence sits almost entirely inside a single Russian research lineage.

A synthetic tetrapeptide isolated from bovine cortex extracts. The purified form of the Cerluten tissue complex, with a specific epigenetic-modulation claim on aged lymphocytes.

A naturally occurring nonapeptide isolated from rabbit brain in the 1970s and tested in small human insomnia studies in the 1980s. Real but dated human data, no modern trials, and its endogenous role remains unresolved.

Weekly GLP-1 agonist (Trulicity). REWIND trial (N=9,901, 5.4-year follow-up) showed 12% MACE reduction, the first significant CV benefit in a primary-prevention-heavy population. Concerning muscle-loss signal in hemodialysis patients.

A pineal-derived peptide complex from the Khavinson group, considered the flagship of the bioregulator line. Aimed at circadian rhythm, sleep quality, and downstream endocrine balance.

A synthetic tetrapeptide isolated from bovine pineal extracts. The most-studied piece of the Khavinson program, with the most-cited claim in the field: telomerase activation in human cell cultures.

The first GLP-1 agonist ever approved (FDA 2005). EXSCEL trial (N=14,752) showed CV safety but not superiority. Parkinson's phase 3 failed after promising phase 2 data. Modest weight loss compared to newer agents.

A synthetic peptide copied from the fibroblast growth factor binding loop of the neural cell adhesion molecule. It acts as an FGFR agonist and has a substantial rodent literature on neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity and memory.

A synthetic senolytic peptide designed to disrupt the FOXO4-p53 interaction inside senescent cells. Aged-mouse data is real. Human trials do not exist. A 2023 Circulation paper flagged pulmonary hypertension risk in animals.

A copper-binding tripeptide that falls with age. Solid topical dermatology evidence for wound healing and skin repair. Systemic longevity claims remain speculative.

A synthetic ghrelin receptor agonist that reliably raises growth hormone in humans and is used clinically as a diagnostic agent in Japan. Strong endocrine data, no longevity data, and prohibited in sport.

A mitochondrial-derived peptide that falls with age and correlates with insulin sensitivity and neuroprotection. The HNG analog is roughly 1000 times more potent than native humanin but has no completed human RCT.

A modified, long-acting IGF-1 analogue engineered to evade binding proteins. Potent in animals and cell culture, used industrially in bioprocessing, and carrying the clearest mechanistic conflict with longevity biology of anything in this section.

A selective growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP) that binds the ghrelin receptor. Cleaner side effect profile than earlier GHRPs. Widely paired with CJC-1295 in anti-aging clinics.

The three C-terminal amino acids of alpha-MSH, isolated as an anti-inflammatory peptide. Preclinical evidence in colitis and dermatitis. Voted for the FDA 503A compounding list by the PCAC advisory panel in juli 2026.

The only cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in humans, central to innate immunity. It has been tested in randomised human wound-healing trials, and it is also a recognised autoantigen in psoriasis, which makes the risk profile genuinely two-sided.

The earliest daily GLP-1 agonist. FDA-approved 2010 (Victoza) and 2014 (Saxenda). Smallest weight-loss magnitude of the four molecules. Longest real-world safety record. No dedicated body composition trial data found.

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded inside the mitochondrial genome. Falling with age, restoring exercise capacity in aged mice, and now in early human observational work as an insulin-sensitizing agent.

The only peptide in this section with a full regulatory approval. As afamelanotide it is an FDA- and EMA-authorised implant for erythropoietic protoporphyria; as grey-market Melanotan I it is used for tanning with none of the associated oversight.

Unlicensed tanning peptide with escalating safety signals including a 2025 case of oral mucosal malignant melanoma. Deliberately excluded from 2026 FDA reclassification due to substantial safety concerns.

First oral non-peptide GLP-1 agonist, FDA-approved april 2026 as Foundayo. ATTAIN-1 (N=3,127) showed up to 11.2% weight loss. No cardiovascular outcomes trial completed yet.

A small synthetic peptide developed from the neurotrophic activity of Cerebrolysin and modelled on a CNTF fragment. It has an unusually deep rodent literature in Alzheimer models and, so far, no human trials at all.

A seven-residue analogue of spadin that blocks the TREK-1 potassium channel. Rodent data show rapid antidepressant-like effects and increased hippocampal neurogenesis; there are no human trials.

A pegylated version of the E-peptide from the mechano growth factor splice variant of IGF-1, sold for muscle repair. The underlying MGF biology is real academic science; the pegylated consumer product has no published human data.

FDA-approved melanocortin-4 receptor agonist for acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. Off-label male use rests on abandoned-program data.

A synthetic tripeptide derived from the pineal peptide fraction. Marketed as a CNS bioregulator. Distinct from Epitalon and Endoluten despite the shared pineal-derived origin.

A senolytic peptide marketed as an improved relative of FOXO4-DRI. Almost nothing about it exists in the peer-reviewed literature under this name, and what is known comes from the wider FOXO4-p53 research it borrows from.

Triple hormone receptor agonist (GIP, GLP-1, glucagon) still in Phase 3. 28.3% weight loss at 80 weeks in TRIUMPH-1, up to 30.3% at 104 weeks. The most potent weight-loss agent studied in this comparison. Not yet approved anywhere.

A four-amino-acid peptide that binds to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane and appears to restore mitochondrial function. In late-stage clinical trials for rare mitochondrial diseases and heart failure.

A Russian synthetic tuftsin analog used clinically as a non-sedating anxiolytic. Raises GABA tone, BDNF, and enkephalin activity without benzodiazepine-style dependence.

The only GLP-1 agonist with a completed cardiovascular outcomes trial in non-diabetic patients. 14.9% weight loss in STEP 1, 20% MACE reduction in SELECT, but documented sarcopenia risk in older adults.

A Russian synthetic ACTH(4-10) analog used clinically for stroke recovery and ADHD. Raises BDNF and dopamine tone in prefrontal cortex. Approved in Russia, unlisted elsewhere.

A 29-amino-acid fragment of GHRH that stimulates the pituitary to release growth hormone. FDA-approved in the 1990s for pediatric growth-hormone deficiency, later withdrawn from the US market as a branded drug but still legally compounded.

Investigational dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist, not yet approved. SYNCHRONIZE-1 (N=725) showed 16.6% weight loss with 63.1% liver fat reduction and lean mass largely preserved. 19% discontinuation rate from GI side effects.

A synthetic peptide fragment of thymosin beta-4, an endogenous 43-amino-acid protein involved in actin regulation and tissue repair. Anecdotal wound-healing use, no completed human RCT.

The only FDA-approved growth-hormone-releasing hormone analog for reducing visceral fat. Approved for HIV lipodystrophy. Now being tested for age-related visceral adiposity and NAFLD.

A thymus-derived peptide complex from the Khavinson group. Positioned as an immunomodulator for aging thymic involution. Cytomax-format precursor to the isolated dipeptide Thymogen.

A 28-amino-acid peptide first isolated from the thymus gland. Approved in more than 30 countries outside the US for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and adjunct cancer therapy. Never FDA-approved in the United States.

Dual GIP and GLP-1 agonist with 22.5% weight loss in SURMOUNT-1. Fat mass reduction 3x greater than lean mass loss. No completed cardiovascular outcomes trial yet.

A synthetic tripeptide targeted at vascular endothelium. Purified from the Ventfort tissue complex. Small Russian trials link it to endothelial function and cognitive endpoints in older adults.